Зрошення в Херсонській області: сучасний стан та проблеми розвитку

Abstract

У статті обґрунтовано сучасний стан та проблеми розвитку зрошення в Херсонській області. Визначено один із пріоритетних напрямів розвитку АПК – налагодження системи зрошення. Проаналізовано стан використання зрошуваних земель, проблеми та шляхи розвитку у зрошуваному землеробстві регіону. Досліджено динаміку площ фактичного поливу земель на зрошувальних системах Херсонської області. Приведено аналіз основних магістральних каналів та зрошувальних систем півдня України. Визначено головну ознаку екологобезпечних режимів зрошення так званими екологобезпечними поливними нормами. Запропоновано відновлення зрошення шляхом модернізації та реконструкції зрошувальних систем із застосуванням новітніх способів та техніки поливу (низьконапірні дощувальні машини, ресурсозберігаючі режими зрошення тощо).

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the state of use of irrigated land in the Kherson region and to determine the state and problems of development in irrigated agriculture in the region. Ukraine belongs to countries where irrigation lands play and play an important role in providing food to the country. This is due to the fact that its considerable territory is in a zone of insufficient and unstable moisture, and therefore, the sustainable agriculture of these regions is possible only under conditions of irrigation. When performing the goal, they used the methods of stationary key-analogues, system analysis and synthesis, mathematical statistics (correlation and regression analysis).The irrigation methodology should be considered in the historical context. Kherson. The region has difficult climatic conditions, with arid climates, with frequent drywaves, which accompanied by dust storms with significant negative consequences. There are significant problems with and drinking water. Beginning in the 1960s, the construction of large irrigation systems allowed to bring water to anhydrous areas. For the modern stage of irrigation development in the Kherson region, one of the key problems is the restoration of irrigation through modernization and reconstruction of irrigation systems with the use of the latest methods and techniques of irrigation (low-pressure sprinklers, resource-saving irrigation regimes, etc.). Work on the restoration and development of irrigation will not only increase the area of irrigated land and optimize the operating costs, including the supply of water for irrigation. Works on the restoration and development of irrigation will not only increase the area of irrigated land and optimize the operating costs of the main pumping stations pumping and pumping, electricity costs and the cost of water supply for irrigation, which in general will increase the efficiency of the use of irrigation systems and irrigated land. In modern conditions of agricultural production, when maximizing profits is mainly the main purpose of irrigation, the most effective measure for water saving, on the one hand, and optimizing the development of degradation processes (flooding, secondary salinization and salinity of the arable layer of soil) – on the other hand, is the transition to application of ecologically safe irrigation regimes of agricultural crops. The main feature of ecologically safe irrigation regimes is irrigation with so-called ecologically safe irrigation norms, the size of which is sufficient to cover the current deficit of water consumption of irrigated crops, but at the same time makes it possible or minimizes the loss of water for infiltration beyond the root of the soil layer. The use of such regimes requires a significantly higher irrigation culture, primarily using more sophisticated methods, watering equipment and irrigation control systems.