Abstract:
In the context of modern climate change and the growing need to ensure food security, research into adaptive technologies for growing winter wheat is becoming particularly important. Frequent droughts, temperature fluctuations and unstable weather conditions necessitate the development of new approaches to fertilization and the optimization of agrotechnical measures.
The aim of this work is to scientifically substantiate and experimentally verify the effectiveness of agrotechnical measures for growing winter wheat under different weather conditions throughout the year, taking into account the biological characteristics of modern varieties.
To achieve this goal, the research programmer included the following tasks: to study the influence of the nutritional background and weather conditions of the year on the dynamics of growth processes of winter wheat varieties.
Research methods: field, laboratory, statistical, comparative.
The study is three-factor, including the following factors and variants: Factor A (varieties) – Nikonia; Kuyalnik; Factor B (nutrient background): 1 – without fertilizers; 2 – calculated dose of 7.0 t/ha (N120P90); 3 – calculated dose of 9.0 t/ha (N150P120); Factor C – weather conditions of the year (2022, 2023, 2024).
The results of the studies showed that the accumulation of dry biomass by winter wheat plants depended on the stage of development, nutrient background and variety. Thus, on average for all years of research, in the variant of the calculated fertilizer dose for a grain yield of 7.0 t/ha, winter wheat plants of the Nikonia variety accumulated 638.3 g/m2 of dry matter during the stem elongation phase, and at 9 t/ha – 789.4 g/m2, while when growing plants without fertilisers, only 473.7 g/m2 of dry biomass was accumulated. Plants of the winter wheat variety Kuyalnik formed practically the same amount of dry aboveground mass, with the indicated indicators amounting to 597.3, 711.0 and 451.0 g/m2, respectively, or slightly less than those for the Nikonia variety.
Thus, under the conditions of the experiment, the largest above-ground mass of winter wheat plants of the Nikonia variety was formed in the variants of applying the N150P120 fertilizer dose in the most favorable weather conditions of 2023.
Further research should be aimed at a comprehensive study of the interaction of nutrition, climate and varietal characteristics, which will increase the stability of yield and grain quality.
