Methods for protecting buildings and constructions from harmful effect of groundwater in the south of Ukraine

Abstract

The South of Ukraine, characterized by its unique geological and hydrological conditions, poses significant challenges to the stability and longevity of buildings and constructions due to the harmful effects of groundwater. The excessive presence of groundwater and fluctuating water tables can lead to a range of issues, such as foundation instability, structural weakening, and corrosion, which in turn increase maintenance costs and reduce the safety and lifespan of buildings. This research article explores and evaluates modern and effective methods of protecting buildings from these harmful effects, taking into account the specific conditions in southern Ukraine. Groundwater impact on buildings and construction is an increasingly urgent issue, especially in regions with a high water table or areas prone to seasonal floods, which are common in the southern parts of Ukraine due to its proximity to water bodies like the Dnipro River and the Black Sea. The variability of climate conditions, combined with human activity, has altered the natural water regime, exacerbating the problem. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the most prevalent methods of groundwater protection used in building construction in southern Ukraine. It addresses both traditional and innovative techniques, highlighting their effectiveness, costs, and long-term sustainability. Among the methods examined are drainage systems, waterproofing technologies, soil stabilization, and foundation insulation. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of choosing an appropriate combination of groundwater protection methods based on the specific environmental conditions and the type of building or construction project. A combination of drainage, waterproofing, soil stabilization, and insulation offers the best protection against the harmful effects of groundwater, ensuring the safety and longevity of structures in the challenging climatic and hydrological conditions of southern Ukraine. This research contributes to the ongoing dialogue about sustainable construction practices in regions prone to groundwater-related issues and provides practical recommendations for engineers, architects, and construction professionals working in southern Ukraine. By adopting these methods, it is possible to minimize the adverse effects of groundwater on buildings, thereby increasing their durability and reducing maintenance costs