ФОРМУВАННЯ ВРОЖАЮ НАСІННЯ НИЗОВИХ ЗЛАКОВИХ ТРАВ ТА ЙОГО ПОСІВНИХ ЯКОСТЕЙ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СТРОКІВ ЙОГО ЗБИРАННЯ

Abstract

On the basis of the process of forming the yield of cereal grass seeds (kostric: red, tonvibric; fine), the improvement of the method of forecasting of his maturity and the improved technological process of harvesting and post-harvest seed preparation. This will increase the yield of seeds with high seed qualities, significantly reduce energy consumption and labor costs in the collection and post-harvest preparation of seeds. According to our research, we recommend starting the harvesting of cereal grasses on small areas with a moisture content of 35–30%, where the harvesting can be done in one calendar day. And in larger areas, where the threshing can be carried out for one day, even with adequate supply of harvesting technique, it is advisable to start at a humidity of 38–40%, whereas the main part of this work will fall for the period when the moisture content in the seeds will be 32–35%. Modern varieties of perennial grasses are characterized by high genome-atically determined seed productivity. However, the ability to shattering and uneven maturation lead to significant losses, such herbs put increased demands to the harvesting process of standing grass crop. According to scientists, delay with the collection of cereal grasses seeds on 2–3 days leads to a loss of 30 to 60% of the crop. The task of our research is to determine the optimal term for harvesting of cereals and their post-harvest handling. It is established that the largest amount of soluble carbohydrates in seeds of cereal grasses is found at humidity 55%. As ripening occurs change the chemical composition of seeds. With humidity of 45% the carbohydrate content sharply decreases to 2–4 times depending on the type of herbs. There are different opinions on the terms of harvesting of sowing grasses. Visual evaluation methods do not give the opportunity to choose the right term and collect lossless seeds, because it is known that most species of cereal grasses have the ability to crumble during the milky-wax and wax ripeness of the seeds. Therefore, there is a need to develop objective methods for determining the period of seed standing of grass crop harvesting. The most accurate and accessible way is to determine the time of collection of herb seeds for their humidity. Determination of the term of harvesting ripeness of cereal grass seeds by its moisture is based on monitoring of moisture content during seed maturation, which is determined by laboratory method by drying the selected samples of seeds in the drying cupboard. In this regard, additional research on these issues is relevant and represents an unconditional interest