LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT OF INNOVATION ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO OVERCOME THEM

Abstract

The article presents a retrospective analysis of Ukrainian legislation in the scientific and technical and innovation sphere. The main problems of the national legislation regulating innovation activity are defined, namely: non-compliance with the legislative provisions; non-systematic nature of legislation; lack of mechanisms for implementing the priorities of scientific and technical and innovation activities; lack of integrated application of mechanisms of state influence (financial, credit, tax, etc.) for the achievement of certain priorities; suspension and cancellation of mechanisms for supporting scientific and technical activities, in particular, the underdeveloped mechanisms for developments prepared for commercialization; underdevelopment of innovation infrastructure (research universities, technological parks, scientific parks, clusters, high-tech innovative enterprises, innovative business incubators, venture funds); not formed motivational mechanism for transition of the real sector of the economy to the innovative way of development. The shortcomings of the current legislation on innovation activity are determined in accordance with international approaches that do not even correspond to the definition of the concepts “innovation” and “innovation activity” and there is no definition of the term “start-up”. Also, the national legislation contains no definition of elements of innovation infrastructure according to the international approach: innovation park, incubator and accelerator, cluster, cluster initiative, cluster organization, regional innovation ecosystem, legislative provision of smart specialization approach. The main directions of overcoming the problems connected with the regulatory action of the national legislation in the innovation sphere, in particular, elimination of its shortcomings in accordance with the international approach and the development and effective implementation of the Strategy of Innovation Development of Ukraine, are substantiated.