Technological solutions for increasing the resource of crushers

Abstract

The article investigates the problem of increasing the wear resistance of grain crusher hammers operating under conditions of impact-abrasive fatigue wear. Literature analysis revealed insufficient adaptation of modern materials, such as self-fluxing and eutectic alloys, to the conditions of intensive operation in the food industry. The study’s main goal is to develop cost-effective solutions to extend the service life of parts. The methodology included an analysis of the operating conditions of grain crushers, determination of wear mechanisms of hammers and sieves using microscopy and spectral analysis, as well as the development of gas-thermal coatings from self-fluxing (PG-SR4, PG-10N-01) and eutectic alloys (Fe-Mn-C-B). The optimal remelting parameters were determined in laboratory and industrial conditions. The results showed that using self-fluxing alloys PG-SR4 and PG-10N-01 increases the wear resistance of hammers by 4–5 times. The maximum efficiency is achieved at a remelting temperature of 1060 °C. Eutectic alloys demonstrate similar efficiency at significantly lower costs, which makes them economically advantageous for industrial use. The proposed multilayer coatings with gradient hardness provide effective absorption of shock loads and prevent the formation of cracks. The scientific novelty lies in the justification of the use of new materials and technological modes to increase the durability of hammers. The results obtained allow to significantly reduce the costs of repair and maintenance of grain crushers, and increase their reliability and efficiency. The work is a contribution to the development of modern technologies for the agro-industrial complex and the food industry.