Abstract:
Purpose: This scientific study investigates the transformation of food packaging systems over
time with a focus on ecological implications. By tracing the evolution from traditional
biodegradable materials to synthetic polymers and back toward eco-friendly innovations,
the study identifies key environmental challenges and sustainable packaging trends shaping
modern food systems.
Design/methodology/approach: The research applies a multidisciplinary approach combining
historical review, environmental impact assessment, and market trend analysis. It utilizes data
from Statista, FAOSTAT, and EU environmental agencies (2010-2023) to evaluate material
flows, carbon footprints, and policy shifts affecting packaging choices.
Findings: Modern food packaging has moved from convenience-driven plastic dominance to
sustainability-centered innovation. Compostable biopolymers, edible films, and smart
packaging solutions now gain traction. Consumer awareness and EU regulations have driven
demand for circular economy-based models. Despite progress, challenges remain in scalability,
waste management infrastructure, and cost competitiveness.
Research limitations/implications: This study is based on secondary data and literature, which
may be subject to reporting biases and variations in methodological quality. Differences in lifecycle assessment boundaries, geographic contexts, and timeframes limit direct comparability
between sources. Market figures are projections and may change due to economic fluctuations,
policy shifts, or technological breakthroughs. Future research should incorporate primary data
collection, harmonised LCA methodologies, and region-specific analyses to validate and refine
the findings.
Originality/value: The study provides a comparative framework for understanding the
ecological consequences of different packaging materials. It highlights the crucial role of
innovation, consumer behaviorе, and policy in transitioning to sustainable packaging systems.
These results could be especially interesting for researchers whose studies are interdisciplinary.
Keywords: eco-packaging, sustainable development, food industry, plastic alternatives,
circular economy.
Category of the paper: Research paper
