Formation of economically valuable traits by hybrids of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus ornamentalis (Multiflorus)) under organic growing technology

Abstract

The culture of decorative sunflower in the concept of its use as a source of medicinal phytoraw materials is completely new and unconventional. Factors of crop productivity formation, namely: modern hybrid composition and seed sowing rate are proposed. The experimental results showed the superiority of the hybrid multi-flowered sunflower Teddy. In the hybrid sunflower Santa Fe, an increase in the sowing density led to a decrease in the diameter of the heads in all the studied variants. In the hybrid Teddy, this indicator was the highest, and the decrease was minimal. The decrease in the indicator was 11.7 cm to 6.3 cm; Double Sunking - from 8.4 cm to 5.5 cm and Santa Fe - from 9.3 cm to 6.0 cm. The mass of male petals in the air-dry state when growing the sunflower hybrid was maximum in Teddy - 4.0 g of phyto-raw materials from one plant, in Double Sunking - 1.5 g, and in Santa Fe - 1.8 g. The best indicators of plant productivity, as well as growth processes, were when growing multi-flowered sunflower with a standing density of 50 thousand seeds/ha. This rate ensured the collection of 5.1 g of air-dried petals from one plant or 25.5 kg/ha of phyto-raw materials in an air-dried state. At the rate of 60 thousand seeds/ha, the figures were 2.2 g and 11.0 kg/ha, and at 70 thousand seeds/ha - 2.6 g and 13.0 kg/ha, respectively.