ANALYSIS OF THE ASSORTMENT OF MAIZE HYBRIDS AND VARIETIES IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article provides a characterization of domestic and foreign maize hybrids listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine, as well as the main prospective directions in the breeding of this crop. As of April 24, 2024, 1682 maize hybrids and varieties of various maturity groups and utilization directions have been included in the State Register of Plant Varieties in Ukraine. Maize is one of the most widespread and popular crops due to its high productivity, wide range of applications, tolerance to stressful conditions, valuable nutrient composition, and economic significance. The State Register of Plant Varieties in Ukraine includes 1535 varieties and hybrids of common maize, with 696 being of domestic selection, accounting for 45.3%. Leading in diversity of foreign selection varieties are countries like France with 282 varieties and hybrids, the USA with 193, Germany with 105, and Switzerland with 56. In Ukraine, hybrids of maize are mostly grown, with very few varieties associated with the phenomenon of heterosis. The correct selection of hybrids and the use of technological measures are important aspects for achieving high levels of maize productivity. It is necessary to consider the ecological conditions of cultivation and choose hybrids that are best suited for a specific region. It is also important to apply optimal agronomic practices that contribute to increasing yields. The potential of maize hybrids directly affects grain markets. High yields and quality indicators of commercial grain contribute to the competitiveness of Ukrainian maize in the global market. The demand for this crop is steadily increasing, creating opportunities for export. It is also worth noting that agricultural producers have high requirements for modern varieties and hybrids of maize. The Ukrainian State Register of Plant Varieties as of April 24, 2024, confirms that the majority of maize hybrids and varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine belong to the medium- ripening maturity group, accounting for 47%. Hybrids and varieties of the medium-ripening group make up slightly less – 37%. Only 1% is accounted for by late-ripening hybrids and varieties, while early-ripening and medium-late hybrids account for 7% and 8% respectively. The potential of maize hybrids is of great importance for the agricultural sector and the grain market. The use of modern breeding methods and optimal technologies allows for obtaining high-yielding hybrids that meet consumer demands and contribute to the development of agriculture. Therefore, further research and improvement of genetic and technological aspects of maize cultivation are key to increasing the yield of this crop.