The state of the fish industry in the world and in Ukraine: development trends and global challenges

Abstract

Food systems that use aquatic bioresources are increasingly in the spotlight because they can meet a significant proportion of humanity's nutritional and healthy food needs. It is a physically and financially accessible source of animal protein and trace elements. The production and distribution of food products from aquatic bioresources is a process not without problems. It is impossible and/or insufficient to take into account serious long-term negative impacts on the fishing industry in strategies for creating healthy, sustainable and fair food systems, especially since Ukraine occupies an important place in the global food chain. But the prioritization of the development of fisheries and aquaculture today is reflected in the development and implementation of new strategies and policies at the global, regional and national levels, in legislation on reforming food systems. Climate change and the resulting environmental problems, the loss of biodiversity in natural ecosystems, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, crises and other humanitarian emergencies, and the war in Ukraine pose additional challenges to the global economy. A better understanding of the impacts of climate change and other natural and anthropogenic shocks may provide opportunities to secure food systems that use aquatic bioresources. According to FAO forecasts, with proper support of the system of production of food products from aquatic bioresources, using the concept of “blue” transformation, it is possible to ensure a twenty-five percent increase in the consumption of products from aquatic bioresources per capita by 2050 on the basis of sustainability