Abstract:
Conducted research on the basis of the breeding ponds of the Kherson production
and experimental plant for breeding of the ordinary fish indicate atypical dynamics of
the development of the components of the natural feed base. Such aspects form a low
fodder potential, as a result of which they create a threat to ensure obtaining high quality fish planting material for introduction into the lower Dnipro, which is the main
criterion for the adaptation period in new living conditions.
Analysis of the results of the level of development of fodder resources during the
growing season indicates low biomass of phytoplankton in ponds in the spring-summer
period, respectively 0.517– 2.257 g/m3
, 4.14 – 14.43 g/m3
. In autumn, excessive values
of more than 60 g/m3 were noted, reaching maximum values 102.54 g/m3
. The results
of practical studies show that the biomass of zooplankton in breeding ponds varied
greatly, in the spring period of intensive vegetation, the biomass of zooplankton ranged
from 7.83 to 96.37 g/m3
. At the end of the growing season, the level of zooplankton
development had the lowest biomass indicators compared to the spring-summer period,
decreasing to 1.23 – 14.08 g/m3
. The average seasonal biomass of zoobenthos varied
from 1.9 g/m2 to 5.0 g/m2
, characterizing the uniform dynamics of benthic organisms,
in contrast to planktonic ones, which had atypical indicators of biomass dynamics both
during the growing season and after ponds.The results of the conducted research indicate the need to stimulate the natural
fodder base by adding organic-mineral fertilizers to low-productivity ponds in the
spring-summer period, changing the strategy of forming the composition of the
polyculture in accordance with the productivity of the breeding ponds according to the
level of development of fodder hydrobionts.
Macrophytes, phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos are the main feed
objects in fish breeding ponds. They are the main food objects for herbivorous carp
species of fish. The viability of larvae and younger age groups is determined by the
level of metabolism, which reflects the living conditions and the level of provisioning
of the food base of fish. The natural fodder base of ponds is a part of fodder resources
and is a collection of hydrobionts, products of their decay (detritus), which are in the
reservoir and are used directly as food for hydrobionts. Taking into account the
obtained results, it was noted that the main task of specialists of fish farming enterprises
is to optimally and tirelessly use feed resources with the aim of transforming them into
a fodder base of ponds by simultaneously growing different types of fish − polyculture,
using compacted plantings, intensification measures
