Abstract:
An important advantage of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) over other crops is a prominent protein content and a balanced amino acid composition, in connection with which the creation of a wide range of varieties becomes relevant, as their cultivation could meet the needs of processing industries, as well as the development of optimal varietal cultivation technologies, which allow unleashing the genotypic potential of productivity. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the specific features of the formation of productivity of modern soybean varieties depending on the elements of cultivation technology in irrigation conditions. Research methods: field, morphometric, laboratory, statistical (correlation and regression analysis). Field studies were conducted during 2019-2021 in the agroecological zone of the Southern Steppe within the Kakhovka Irrigation System. Features of the growth and development of soybean varieties of different maturity groups were established: fast crops – Monarkh, Arnika, early crops – Pysanka, Sofia, mid-early – Sviatohor, Evridika. The yield of soybean varieties varied depending on the timing of sowing, plant density, and varietal characteristics. The maximum productivity of crops of early varieties Arnika and Monarkh at 2.81-3.39 t/ha was formed during the sowing period of May 1 and the optimal sowing density of 700 thous. plants/ha. In the group of early crops, Sofiia and Pysanka varieties showed the maximum yield of 3.17-3.22 t/ha during the sowing period of May 1 and plant density of 700 thous. plants/ha. Varieties of the mid-early crops Sviatohor, Evridika gave the maximum yield of 3.76-4.28 t/ha for sowing on May 1 and a density of 500 thous. plants/ha. To obtain the maximum yield of soybeans under irrigation conditions, there is an optimal sowing period and an optimal density of coenosis for each maturity group of varieties: fast crops showed the maximum yield when sowing on May 1 and with a density of 700 thous. plants/ha, early and mid-early crops – when sowing on May 1 and with a plant density of 500 thous. plants/ha. The results of this study can be used in production conditions to adjust the elements of agricultural technology of soybean seed production and obtain high yields with a prominent level of profitability.
