. Assessment of the impact of climate changes on zooplankton groupings using the example of lake Geneva

Abstract

Modern climate change significantly affects natural ecosystems, especially aquatic ones, changing the temperature, hydrological regime and the level of dissolved oxygen, which leads to transformations in the structure and functioning of hydrobiocenoses. There is a completely justified need for comprehensive research on the current topic: food resources of aquatic areas, in particular, zooplankton as a key element of trophic chains. Considering that negative changes in its groups can destabilize the entire ecosystem, reduce fish productivity and affect ecosystem services, the topic is becoming relevant. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of modern climate change on zooplankton communities of aquatic ecosystems based on the analysis of changes in biological indicators of Lake Geneva, as well as to identify the main patterns of zooplankton transformation under the influence of climatic factors. The object of the study is zooplankton of aquatic ecosystems under conditions of modern climate change using the example of Lake Geneva. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of the impact of climate change on the structure, dynamics and functional characteristics of zooplankton communities, as well as the relationships between abiotic environmental factors and the state of plankton communities. Analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, comparative and systematic analysis, statistical methods of data processing, as well as generalization of the results obtained. Based on the analysis of literary sources and statistics, it was established that climate change causes a structural restructuring of zooplankton communities, which is manifested in a change in species composition, a decrease in the size characteristics of organisms, a shift in phenological phases of development and a disruption in the synchronization of trophic chains. A tendency towards the dominance of small forms of zooplankton was revealed, which is accompanied by a decrease in the efficiency of trophicity in aquatic ecosystems. It was substantiated that the cumulative impact of climate change is cumulative and causes a decrease in the efficiency of energy transfer in trophic chains, which may have long-term negative consequences for fish productivity and the overall ecological stability of aquatic ecosystems.