Scientific foundations of complex processing and use of stalks and seeds of oil flax

Abstract

This monograph is devoted to highlighting the modern achievements of scientists in Ukraine and abroad on the issue of the comprehensive use of oil flax in the field of studying the anatomical, morphological and technological properties of seeds, straw and fiber of oil flax, processing seeds into biologically active substances and food products, developing innovative technologies for obtaining flax fiber and using it for the production of technical textiles. Oil flax crops in Ukraine and in the world are growing significantly. The increase in the area sown under this crop is explained by the fact that oil flax seeds have found wide use in the pharmaceutical industry abroad and in Ukraine to produce biologically active additives. Flaxseed oil contains 16-24% protein, many amino acids, alpha-linolenic acid Omega-3 and Omega- 6, which are of great importance in the treatment of cancer, mineral supplements, trace elements and vitamins, as well as phytoreagents that have antioxidant and medicinal properties. Flaxseed is currently very popular as a food supplement. Bakery products with the addition of flaxseed acquire a delicate taste, due to the large amount of fat, and an attractive crust. Studies have shown that the consumption of bread enriched with flaxseeds reduces cholesterol by 7-9% within four weeks. The possibility of using flaxseed flour for the preparation of gluten-free confectionery has also been proven. Analyzing the world experience in the use of flaxseed and oil, we can conclude that the scope of their application is expanding every year and has a rapid growth trend. This is explained by the unconditional value of the seeds, namely the presence of nutrients. Production and scientific research indicate the prospects and economic feasibility of expanding the area of oil flax shown. But, unfortunately, the stems of this crop are practically not used. Oil flax straw is most often burned in the field. It is believed that it contains a small amount of fiber and its extraction is unprofitable. Therefore, at present, technologies for primary processing straw into bast, technologies for obtaining trusts and fiber have not been developed. But, as world experience in using oil flax straw shows, it is a valuable raw material for obtaining various types of products for many industries. Therefore, in modern conditions, the problem of developing new resource– and energy-saving technologies for processing oil flax straw stems has arisen, the use of which will solve the problems associated with the shortage of raw materials and energy reserves and will contribute to reducing the costs of producing various products. The monograph is devoted to the issue of the integrated use of oil flax. To achieve the set goal, the following tasks were solved in the work: to study the domestic and world market for the production of oil flax, to give a general and agro-technological characteristic of oil flax, to analyze the world and domestic experience in the use of oil flax, to study the use of oil flax fiber for the production of technical textiles, to consider the problems and prospects of the production of technical textiles in Ukraine, to analyze the use of oil flax seeds in the food industry and to determine the methods of producing oil from oil flax seeds. The scientific novelty of the monograph lies in the fact that, based on theoretical data and experimental studies, the feasibility of the integrated use of oil flax in industry has been substantiated. The possibility of using oil flax fiber in the production of technical textiles, oil flax seeds in food preparation technologies for enriching the nutritional composition of recipes and as biologically active additives has been scientifically substantiated. Considering the above, the issue of the integrated use of flax oil is of particular relevance, since its implementation will contribute to increasing the profitability of growing flax oil and solving the problem of the crisis state of the domestic energy sector and providing raw materials for many industries. The integrated use of flax oil in industry will also allow solving problems associated with the shortage of raw materials obtained from industrial crops: long flax, cotton, hemp, etc. However, the use of flax oil as a raw material for obtaining cellulose-containing materials is possible provided that its physical and mechanical properties meet the requirements of the technology to produce industrial materials. These properties of flax raw materials must be formed under certain growing conditions and at certain stages of the technological process of its primary processing when using world innovative technologies for its integrated processing.