Optimization of Sunflower Cultivation Technologies in the Southern Ukraine Conditions: Current Approaches and Results

Abstract

The monograph section is devoted to the study of modern approaches to sunflower cultivation in the conditions of Southern Ukraine, where climate change and weather instability create significant challenges for the agricultural sector. The work analyzes the impact of various factors, such as hybrid selection, soil tillage technologies, seeding density, and the use of growth regulators, on sunflower yield and seed quality. During the experiments, field, quantitative-weight, visual, laboratory, calculation-comparative, and mathematical-statistical methods were used, employing generally accepted methodologies and guidelines. The main focus is on evaluating the effectiveness of growth regulators application, particularly "Bio-gel," "Helafit-combi," and "Mifosat," on sun flower crops. Studies have shown that these preparations contribute to improving plant growth, development, and productivity, as well as increasing their resistance to stress factors. In particular, the use of the "Bio-gel" regulator demonstrated the greatest efficiency, ensuring a significant increase in yield and improvement in seed quality. Recommendations for growing the Congress hybrid and using the Bio gel growth regulator will contribute to increasing the productivity and eco nomic efficiency of sunflower cultivation. In addition, the monograph section addresses the optimization of soil tillage and sunflower seeding rates in the arid conditions of Southern Ukraine. Studies have shown that the correct choice of tillage method and depth, as well as optimal seeding density, are important factors for ensuring high yields and efficient use of soil moisture. In the conditions of Southern Ukraine, when growing sunflower on dark chestnut soils, it is advisable to plow to a depth of 30-32 cm and sow with a seeding rate of 40 thousand germinated seeds per hectare, which contributes to the rational use of resources and an increase in yield to 2.64 t.ha-1 and a profitability level of 181%. In the arid climate of Southern Ukraine, achieving high and stable sun flower yields requires an integrated approach. This approach includes the use of high-yielding hybrids, the application of growth stimulants, and the optimization of agricultural practices.