Abstract:
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the feasi-bility of using biological preparations based on saprophytic bacteria, in particular Bacillus subtilis, in plant protection systems as an effective alternative to chemical fungicides, taking into account their biological activity, environmental safety, impact on increasing the yield of grain sorghum, plant resistance to diseases and improving the state of agrophytocenoses. The study employed a comprehensive set of methods, including literature review, field trials, agro-cenosis assessment, and statistical data analysis. Results.Biologics based on Bacillus subtilis are today considered as a promising tool for ecologically safe and effective plant protection, meeting the requirements of sustainable agri-culture, contributing to increased crop yield and being an urgent response to modern challenges related to climate change, soil degradation and the need to reduce the chem-ical burden on agroecosystems. The article examines the potential of using biofungicides based on Bacillus subtilis bacteria as a safe and effective alternative to chemical plant protection products in modern agriculture. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to reduce the pesticide load on agroecosystems, increase the environmental safety of agri-cultural production and preserve soil fertility. The article pro-poses an optimized scheme for the use of biologics based on Bacillus subtilis in the cultivation of grain sorghum. The conducted studies confirm that the treatment of grain sor-ghum seeds with biofungicides based on Bacillus subtilis contributes to the activation of plant defense mechanisms, the formation of healthy agrophytocenoses, as well as the growth of crop yield. Particular attention is paid to the anal-ysis of the ecological feasibility of biological protection of plants, in particular its safety for the environment and peo-ple, in contrast to chemical fungicides, which have a neg-ative residual effect. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the prospects of integrating biofungicides based on Bacillus subtilis into the system of sustainable agricultural production and increasing the competitiveness of agricul-ture in the conditions of modern environmental challenges.
