Financing of the preserving ecosystems in Ukraine: Political and managerial aspects

Abstract

This article explores the political and managerial aspects of financing ecosystem preservation in Ukraine under the influence of war, economic instability, and global climate and biodiversity challenges. Based on comparative analysis and international experience, particularly from the European Union, the authors assess the dynamics of state budget expenditures on the nature-protected fund of Ukraine from 2016 to 2025. The study applies systemic, economic, and decision-making methods, including cybernetic planning and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to identify optimal financing mechanisms. A comprehensive set of innovative tools is proposed—such as green bonds, sustainability-linked loans, blockchain monitoring, and public-private partnerships—to enhance financial resilience and ensure sustainable biodiversity conservation. The paper emphasizes the importance of private sector engagement, territorial communities, and international cooperation in forming a transparent, inclusive, and future-oriented financial system for nature protection. Particular attention is given to the role of ecosystem services in economic development and to mechanisms that integrate ecological protection with local economic strategies.