Abstract:
The article discusses biological methods for restoring environmental elements based on the use of the biological productivity of organisms. Phytoremediation methods involve using the properties of plants to remove pollutants from the environment. The use of phytoremediation plants will allow achieving ecological cleaning of large areas from heavy metals, petroleum products, and combustion products of various substances. The methods do not require significant capital investments and involve minimal use of complex equipment, which is especially relevant for the post-war restoration of urbanized areas. It has been found that in urban environments, it is better to use trees and shrubs with a well-developed root system for phytostabilization. An effective method for settlements is a combination of the woody and grassy plants-accumulators. Creating group plantings and arrays of the woody plants combined with dense grass cover will help reduce wind and water erosion of soils. According to the conducted studies, it was found that phytoremedial plants must meet the following requirements: have high biological productivity, absorb heavy metals in high concentrations and show tolerance to these compounds, the greater part of which must be accumulated in above-ground organs and disposed of during disposal. The creation of ornamental plantings using accumulator and hyperaccumulator plants, taking into account the natural and climatic features of the territories, will not only reduce environmental threats from the uncontrolled spread of pollutants beyond the borders of contaminated territories, but will also be used as a tool for the rehabilitation of territories affected by hostilities. The further search for the phytoremediant plants capable of removing pollutants from the soil is aimed at creating a healthy, ecologically safe habitat in urban areas, minimizing the anthropogenic impact on natural biodiversity, and fully restoring all components of urboecosystems, in accordance with the tasks of sustainable development and overcoming the consequences of war
