Abstract:
The article highlights the importance of soil cultivation in the modern period of management, shows the influence of different methods and depth of processing on the moisture content in the soil, weeds and crop yields, in particular, the value of the two main methods of soil cultivation relative to their influence factor on the yield of winter rape. The importance of soil fertility and the content of organic matter in it and the provision of plants with moisture and water-physical properties of the soil, which is especially important when climatic conditions change, is substantiated. These indicators are significantly influenced by measures of basic tillage, which is
also covered in the article. The study was conducted during 2012-2015 on ordinary Chernozem to determine the measures of basic tillage. The culture was sown on the background of traditional plowing at 25-27 cm and disking, which was carried out to a depth of 12-14 cm, depending on the method of basic tillage and its depth, the main agrophysical properties of the soil, in particular, the density of addition, the content of mobile nutrients during the vegetation of winter rape plants, were investigated. It is determined that the studied factors, taken for study, significantly affect the availability and distribution in the soil layers of mobile compounds of nitrogen, phospho rus, potassium. The main water-physical and agrochemical properties of the soil, in turn, affect the level of yield of winter rape seeds and individual indicators of its quality. Based on the background of two methods of basic
tillage, the optimal sowing time and row spacing were studied in the cultivation of winter rape. Under the influence of all factors and weather conditions of the growing season, the yield of seeds changed. It is established that the productivity of the studied culture is most affected by the sowing period and less it depends on the tillage and row spacing. These factors affected the content of fat and protein in winter rape seeds and their conditional collection (output) per unit area. The highest protein content in the seeds and its oiliness, as well as their conditional fee for sowing in the i decade of September with a width of 15 cm row spacing. Later planting and increasing the row spacing to 30 and 60 cm led to a decrease in both the yield level and the deterioration of the main indicators of the quality of winter rape seeds.
