A strategic–systemic–cybernetic model for managing elite rugby team preparation: a graph-based approach

Abstract

Background and purpose Modern elite rugby is characterized by high variability of game situations, significant physical load, and stochastic competitive demands, which require effective and adaptive training management systems. At the same time, existing approaches are often fragmented and do not ensure integration of strategic, operational, and analytical components. The purpose of the study was to develop and theoretically substantiate a structural–functional model of training management based on a strategic–systemic–cybernetic approach. Material and methods The study was theoretical and modeling-based. Methods included analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, system analysis, cybernetic modeling, and graph theory. A directed graph G=(V, E) was constructed, along with adjacency and reachability matrices, and topological sorting was applied to determine the hierarchical structure of the management system. Results A structural–functional model of training management for elite rugby teams was developed, integrating strategic, tactical-operational, and information-analytical levels. It was established that the comprehensive control subsystem occupies a central position in the system, concentrating the main information flows and acting as a mandatory transit node in decision-making processes. Graph analysis confirmed its dominant structural role and integrative function within the management system. Conclusions The proposed model enables the transition from fragmented and reactive management to an adaptive–predictive approach. The integration of systemic, cybernetic, and strategic principles within a graph-based framework improves the effectiveness, consistency, and scientific validity of decision-making in elite rugby training systems.