Vectors of Scientific and Research Work of Modern Ukrainian Aquaculture with an Emphasis on the Multitrophic Model

Abstract

The main results of the comprehensive research work with the vector of optimization of technological solutions in aquaculture of Ukraine are presented. The best indicators are achieved when optimizing feeding conditions with natural components in the diet. Under technological conditions of using recirculation systems with an additional element - solar mini-panel and aquaponics. The data of research work reflect the positive results of optimizing the cultivation of aquaculture objects: carp in polyculture (Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys hybrid), tilapia (Florida red) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The use of spirulina, black soldier, Artemia nauplii in the diet of young fish feeding in combination with alternative energy sources contribute to obtaining the status of environmentally safe aquaculture products. The model of multitrophic aquaculture demonstrates high parameters of the qualitative and quantitative nature of the cultivation of hydrobionts. The possibility of combining extensive and intensive technology provides an increase in the growth rate of aquatic organisms and rational use of resources. Also, using the example of young carp in polyculture, an improvement in their growth rate, fattening coefficient, survival, histological indicators, and blood was established. The results of the analysis of the influence of the feeding factor on the development in the ontogenesis of carp in polyculture conditions, its condition before and after wintering are presented. The cultivation model demonstrates additional cultivation in a recirculation system of young fish. The results of the cultivation of tilapia and rainbow trout in a recirculation system under the influence of natural feeding factors, the use of aquaponics and alternative energy sources are also separately presented.